The great power competition will cause China and Russia to intensify their industrial espionage efforts while the United States increases its efforts to stop them. Aggressive Iranian actions indirectly affecting, or directly targeting, its rivals? civilians and companies will intensify as U.S.-Iranian tensions rise. More investigations, more regulations and higher ceilings on penalties—and an unprecedented cyberthreat from the West?s geopolitical rivals—will drive an increase in the number and size of penalties for organizations that suffer data breaches.